六四20週年燭光音樂晚會

中國應就1989天安門鎮壓進行獨立調查

2009年6月2日

國際特赦組織今天表示，中國政府當局應該針對1989年天安門廣場及其週邊和平示威者遭到軍隊武力鎮壓的事件進行公開而獨立的調查。

1989年6月的軍事鎮壓造成至少數百人死傷，但中國政府至今仍不允許以任何方式揭露其內情。甚至在這場抗議行動二十週年前夕，當局還加強了對社運工作者和律師們的持續鎮壓。因參與1989年民主運動而被監禁至今的人數，雖然中國政府從未公佈官方統計數字，但根據數個非政府組織的估計，至少有20人，甚至可能高達200人。

「全國人民代表大會依法有權要求清查因此次鎮壓而死亡、入獄、及尚在服刑的人數。」國際特赦組織在2009年5月13日致中國全國人大委員長吳邦國的公開信中，作了上述表示。

「有些還在獄中的人是以『反革命罪』被判刑，而這項罪名在1997年通過的中國刑法中已被刪除，」國際特赦組織亞太區副主任阮柔安（Roseann Rife）指出，「中國當局應立即釋放這些囚犯，作為追究責任的第一步。」

有些涉及天安門民主運動而被監禁至今的人，實際上根本沒有參加二十年前的抗議活動。由於中國當局持續打壓有關此一事件的公開討論，在1989年之後，許多人僅僅是因為行使言論自由，例如在網際網路上主持線上討論，或張貼悼念鎮壓的詩文，就遭到判刑下獄。

中國當局為了禁止公開討論1989年的事件，所採取的手段並不僅止於監禁。「天安門母親」團體的著名領袖，丁子霖和蔣培坤，經常受到警察騷擾和任意拘留。5月間，他們被禁止出席一項有該團體其他五十位成員參與的追思會，即使他們已經事先向國家安全部作出保證，不會邀請團體以外的人，更不會有記者出現在會場。

在國際特赦組織年度報告發表會上，國際特赦組織秘書長艾琳．康（Irene Khan）呼籲中國批准〈公民與政治權利國際公約〉。對於中國政府最近發表《國家人權行動計劃》，其中包含消除非法拘留及保護中國憲法所載的各項人權等內容，國際特赦組織曾表示歡迎，但該計劃的成功端視其落實程度。

「在全球經濟衰退之中，中國政府已展現帶領世界經濟走向穩定的領導意志。然而，在人權保障方面，中國政府一直無法符合世界的期待。中國欠缺保護人權的決心，至今仍有這麼多人為了二十年前的天安門運動而坐牢，就是明證。」

個案近況：

隨著天安門鎮壓二十週年接近，中國當局已加強對全國人權工作者的打壓。2009年，國際特赦組織迄今已接獲至少一百件案例，維權人士遭到短暫拘留，或遭到當局暴力威脅。爭取土地權、住房權、勞動權的人士，和連署〈零八憲章〉要求法律與政治改革的人士，不斷面臨偵訊。許多類似案例都是為了在二十週年前夕對人權工作者嚴加監視。

2009年1月到4月，國際特赦組織紀錄到至少四位律師，在為當事人辯護期間，受到當局的暴力威脅；至少有十個案件，律師被阻止與當事人會見或取得委任；至少一個案件中，律師為執行業務而遭扣押。近來還有多位律師因參與維權工作而受到報復，被威脅不予年檢註冊。

下列人士因涉及八九民運入獄，刑期將於近年內屆滿：

姜亞群：被捕時年約四十多歲，原本被依「反革命放火罪」判處死刑緩期兩年執行，三度減刑後，刑期應於2014年10月屆滿，現在北京金鐘監獄服刑。

李玉軍：原被判處死刑緩期兩年執行，現被監禁在北京第二監獄。在六度減刑後，他的刑期應於2014年11月屆滿。

朱更生：因為在一輛著火的坦克上搖旗吶喊「我們勝利了！」而以「反革命放火罪」被判處死刑緩期兩年執行，現在關在北京第二監獄。在得到五次減刑後，刑期應於2013年4月屆滿。

下列人士，因涉及天安門民運，並積極從事人權工作，至今仍持續遭到中國當局迫害：

黃琦：曾因主持網上討論天安門事件而入獄五年。他的「罪證」包括他張貼在網站上的一篇國際特赦組織所發表有關天安門事件的文件。他在2005年6月4日獲釋，隨即重新設立網站並繼續從事人權工作，直到2008年6月再度被捕。這次他被捕的原因是幫助去年四川地震中五個失去孩子的家庭。

齊志勇：1989天安門鎮壓時遭槍傷導致肢體障礙。4月15日，他透過手機簡訊向記者表示，他已遭到警方拘留。他被拘留據信與胡耀邦逝世二十週年紀念日有關。胡耀邦去世引發了當年的民主運動。

周勇軍：流亡海外的八九民運學生領袖，已成另一個任意拘捕的案例。周勇軍曾因參與八九民運被判入獄兩年，出獄後，流亡美國。1998年返國後，又被移送勞動教養三年。去年10月，他再次嘗試經香港入境中國，在深圳遭到拘留。據他家人表示，中國當局否認再度拘留周勇軍。然而，2009年5月，美聯社等國際媒體報導，周勇軍已被以詐騙罪正式起訴。

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如需更多資訊，請冾
國際特赦組織新聞部（英國倫敦）
電話：+44 20 7413 5566
Email: press@amnesty.org
國際特赦組織亞太區副主任阮柔安（Roseann Rife）
電話：+ 852 2385 8319
Email: rrife@amnesty.org

[ ENGLISH ]

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL Press Release

2 June 2009

China: Hold independent inquiry into 1989 Tiananmen Square crackdown

Chinese authorities should hold an open and independent inquiry into the 1989 violent military crackdown on peaceful demonstrators in and around Tiananmen Square, Amnesty International said today.

The Chinese government has thwarted any attempts to shed light on the military crackdown that resulted in hundreds of deaths and injuries in June 1989. In the lead up to the twentieth anniversary of the protests, the authorities have even intensified a current crackdown on activists and lawyers.
The Chinese government has not made official figures public, but several non-governmental organizations estimate that at least 20 and maybe as many as 200 individuals remain in detention for their involvement in the 1989 pro-democracy protests.

“The National People’s Congress has within its powers the ability to lead the way in calling for an account of all those who died, those who were imprisoned and those who remain in prison still as a result of the crackdown,” said Amnesty International in an open letter sent to Wu Bangguo, the Chairman of the National People’s Congress of China, on 13 May 2009.

“A number of people who remain in prison were convicted of ‘counter revolutionary’ crimes that were removed from the Chinese Criminal Code in 1997,” said Roseann Rife, Amnesty International’s Asia-Pacific Deputy Director. “The Chinese authorities should immediately release these prisoners as a first step towards accountability.”

Not all of those who have been imprisoned for their association with the Tiananmen pro-democracy movement actually participated in the protests 20 years ago. The Chinese authorities’ ongoing suppression of public discussion of the events means that many have been sentenced to imprisonment after 1989 simply for exercising their right to freedom of expression, for example, by hosting online discussions or posting poems commemorating the crackdown on the Internet.

Imprisonment is not the only method that the Chinese authorities use to stifle public debate of the 1989 events. The prominent leaders of the Tiananmen Mothers group, Ding Zilin and Jiang Peikun are frequently subjected to police harassment and arbitrary detention.. In May they were forbidden from attending a mourning ceremony that 50 other members of the group were allowed to attend, after they promised the Ministry of State Security that no outsiders, especially journalists, present in the gathering.

At the launch of the Amnesty International Annual Report, Amnesty International Secretary General Irene Khan called on China to sign and ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Although the Chinese government’s recent initiative in launching the National Human Rights Action Plan, which has provisions to eradicate unlawful detention and protect human rights guaranteed in the Chinese Constitution, was welcomed by Amnesty International, the Plan’s success hinges on the actual implementation.

“In the midst of a global economic downturn, the Chinese government has demonstrated its readiness to take up leadership in stabilizing the world economic system. When it comes to the protection of human rights, however, the Chinese government has consistently failed to live up to the world’s expectations. The number of people still in prison for their actions in Tiananmen Square twenty years ago is testament to the lack of commitment to human rights that still prevails in China,” said Roseann Rife.

Case updates:

As the 20th anniversary of the Tiananmen crackdown approaches, Chinese authorities have intensified the suppression of human rights activists across the country. Amnesty International has documented at least one hundred cases of activists who have been detained briefly or faced violence from authorities in 2009 as they defended land rights, housing rights and labour rights and signatories of the Charter 08, a petition calling for legal and political reforms, continue to face questioning. Several of these cases are related to the surveillance of activists ahead of the anniversary.

In the first four months of 2009, Amnesty International documented at least four cases of lawyers who were threatened with violence by the authorities as they defended their clients, at least ten cases where lawyers were hindered from meeting or representing clients, and at least one case in which a lawyer has been detained for doing his work. Lawyers recently have been threatened with denial of the licenses in retaliation for their work on rights defense cases.

To follow are details of several individuals detained in connection with the 1989 protests who are scheduled to be released from prison in the coming years:

Jiang Yaqun was in his forties at the time of his arrest. He was originally sentenced to a suspended death sentence for ‘counter-revolutionary sabotage’. After receiving three sentence reductions, he is scheduled for release from Beijing’s Jinzhong Prison in October 2014.

Li Yujun was originally sentenced to death with a 2-year reprieve for arson, and is detained in Beijing No. 2 Prison. After six sentence reductions, Li is due for release in November 2014.

Zhu Gengsheng was also convicted of ‘counter-revolutionary sabotage’ because he waved a flag while shouting “We win!” on a tank that was set on fire. Zhu was originally sentenced to death with a 2-year reprieve, and is currently jailed at Beijing No. 2 Prison. He has received five sentence reductions, and his scheduled release is due in April 2013.

The following individuals continue to be persecuted by the Chinese authorities for their human rights activism in connection with the Tiananmen pro-democracy movement

Huang Qi, was sentenced to five-years’ imprisonment for hosting an online discussion about the protests in Tiananmen Square. The ‘evidence’ against him included reference to an Amnesty International document about the Tiananmen crackdown which had been posted on his web-site. He was released on 4 June 2005. Following his release, he continued to maintain his website and his human rights work and was detained again in June 2008, apparently for his assistance to five families whose children died in the Sichuan Earthquake last year.

Qi Zhiyong, who was left disabled by a gunshot injury during the 1989 Tiananmen violence, told reporters in a text message on 15 April that he had been detained by the police. It is believed that his detention is associated with the 20th anniversary of the death of Hu Yaobang. Hu’s death marked the beginning of the pro-democracy protests.

Zhou Yongjun, an exiled student leader of the 1989 pro-democracy protests, offers yet another example of arbitrary detention. Zhou Yongjun was sentenced to two-years’ imprisonment for his involvement in the 1989 pro-democracy protests. When he was released, he was exiled to the United States. He returned to China in 1998 when he was sent to Re-education Through Labour for another three years. In a recent attempt to re-enter China via Hong Kong last October, he was again detained by the Chinese authorities in Shenzhen. According to his sister, the Chinese authorities denied any repeated detention of Zhou Yongjun. However, international media including the Associated Press reported in May 2009, that Zhou Yongjun had been formally charged with fraud.

Public Document

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For more information please call Amnesty International’s press office in London, UK, on +44 20 7413 5566 or email: press@amnesty.org or Roseann Rife + 852 2385 8319 +852 9103 7183 (M) or email: rrife@amnesty.org

正義與究責

呼籲對1989年天安門鎮壓事件展開公開獨立調查的公開信

此致
中華人民共和國全國人民代表大會常務委員會
吳邦國委員長

全國人民代表大會常務委員會辦公廳
北京市西城區西交民巷23號
中華人民共和國

2009年5月13日

敬愛的委員長：

二十年前的6月3-4日，中國政府下令對天安門廣場及其週邊的和平抗議人士進行軍事鎮壓，導致了千百人的傷亡。儘管此後，中國政府在經濟、社會與文化權利等各方面有所進步，但對於1989年6月間所發生對人權的嚴重侵犯，不能繼續不予回應，而應該正視並解決。如此，才符合中國最近發表的《中國國家人權行動計劃》當中對人權的承諾。

我在此強烈要求全國人民代表大會常務委員會，對1989年6月發生的事件，展開公開、獨立的調查。繼續壓制國內要求追究責任的聲音，不僅無助於建設和諧社會，也有違中國政府在《國家人權行動計劃》中楬櫫的目標。

全國人民代表大會基於職權，有能力帶頭起身，為那些已經罹難的、曾遭囚禁的、乃至至今仍在獄中的人士，要求追究責任。至今仍在獄中者，有許多是以「反革命罪」被判刑。這項罪名，在1997年的中國刑法中已經刪除，以此入罪者，應該立即釋放。這是究責的第一步。

針對要求平反究責的維權人士與人權運動者所進行的持續迫害，也必須停止。這些人士之中，包括曾參與1989年軍事鎮壓，但公開要求當局平反民主運動的前解放軍士兵張世軍。另外，「天安門母親」一直被剝奪自由地、公開地悼念受難者的權利；唯一的一次例外，是在2007年5月，少數天安門母親成員獲准在警察監視下，於北京長安大街進行簡短的紀念儀式。保障人權的承諾，必須付諸行動，貫徹落實。

我在此向您發出強烈呼籲：把握鎮壓民主運動二十週年的時機，回應要求正義的呼聲。對當年的事件展開公開獨立的調查，將為落實《國家人權行動計劃》邁出重要的一步。我樂見這項人權行動計劃的發佈，但完整的實踐，才是最大的考驗。通過貫徹促進人權的一貫政策，中國政府將能再次肯定對該行動計劃目標的承諾，也才能在世界人權的促進與保障上，扮演更加重要的角色。

您誠摯的

Irene Khan
國際特赦組織國際秘書處秘書長

[ 英文 ]

AN OPEN LETTER

JUSTICE ACCOUNTABILITY

20th ANNIVERSARY OF THE TIANANMEN CRACKDOWN

Chairman of the Standing Committee of the
National People’s Congress
Wu Bangguo Weiyuanzhang

Quanguo Renda Changwu Weiyuanhui Bangongting
23 Xijiaominhang
Xichengqu
Beijingshi 100805
People’s Republic of China

13 May 2009

Dear Chairman,

Twenty years ago, the Chinese Government ordered a military crackdown on peaceful protestors in and around Tiananmen Square on 3-4 June, which resulted in hundreds of deaths and injuries. While the Chinese government has made many advances since then, particularly in the area of economic, social and cultural rights, grave violations of human rights as occurred in June 1989 cannot go unanswered and should be addressed if China is to match the commitments to human rights it made in the recently unveiled National Human Rights Action Plan.

I am writing to urge the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress to initiate an open and independent inquiry into the events of June 1989. Continuing to silence domestic voices calling for accountability is not in the interests of a harmonious society nor in accordance with the stated goals of the Action Plan of the Chinese government.

The National People’s Congress has within its powers the ability to lead the way in calling for an accounting of all those who died, those who were imprisoned and those who remain in prison still. Those who remain in prison, many under charges of ‘counter revolutionary’ crimes that were removed from the Chinese Criminal Code in 1997, should be immediately released as a first step toward accountability.

The ongoing persecution of human rights defenders and activists who are demanding accountability must also cease. These include Zhang Shijun, a former soldier who participated in the 1989 military crackdown and who openly urged the authorities to reassess the pro-democracy protests. Similarly, the Tiananmen Mothers have been denied the right to freely and publicly mourn and commemorate the victims, except for one occasion when some members of the Tiananmen Mothers were allowed, under police surveillance, to conduct a short memorial ceremony on Chang’an Avenue in Beijing, in May 2007. The promises made to protect human rights must be met with consistent implementation in practice.

I urge you to take the 20th anniversary of the crackdown on the pro-democracy protests as an opportunity to address these calls for justice. The initiation of an open and independent inquiry into the events will also serve as an important step toward realizing the National Human Rights Action Plan. I welcome the release of the Action Plan, but the ultimate test will be in its full implementation. By practising consistent policies on the advancement of human rights, the Chinese government will reaffirm its commitment to the Plan’s goals and play an increasingly important role in promoting and protecting human rights around the globe.

Yours sincerely,

Irene Khan
Secretary General
International Secretariat
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL